UNIT 2 Hardware

UNIT 2: HARDWARE

UNIT 2: HARDWARE AND ITS COMPONETS. 

 In this unit you will find out the answer to the questions:
- How do you use a computer to find, process, organise, presen and sotre information.
- What are the basic componets of a personal computer? How are the used and connected?. What is their function in a computer?
- What are the basic operations performed by an operating system?


LINK UNIT2: Hardware_and_Componets.


 Task 1

1.Put a cross in one box to show which aspect of daily life would not be affected immediately by the failure of an associated ICT system.
   C. Feeding your pet.

2. Describe the similarities and differences between data and information.

   Data: This is the raw information to be processed. (unprocessed information).

   Information: Is data that people undertand.

3. Explain what is meant by hardware.

   Hardware: It is the equipment the makes up the physical ITC system. That is, the keyboard, the  monitos screen, ths system unit and everything inside it, and other devices connected to it such us a printer.

4. Draw a labelled diagram of a desktop computer system showing the range of hardware devices that could be attached to it.

                                             

5. Describe the similarities and differences between a desktop computer and a laptop computer.

   Desktop computeer: Usually has these basic components: amonitor, akeyboard, a mouse.

   Laptop computer: A laptop computer is slightly larger and much heavier than an A4 file. It has the same hardware as the desktop PC although the components are in one only piece.

6. Describe the similarities and differences between a desktop computer and a hand-held computer.

    Desktop computer: That are basic components.

   Hand-heldcomputer: Can fit in one hand or in your pocket, but it is too small for general work. Hand-held computing devices can perfom a range os activites such as personal record-keeping and satellite navigation.

7. Explain how a PDA user can benefit from having an external keyboard.

   A PDA usually has a touch-sensitive screen. Although PDAs can be temporarily attached to a keyboard, you cannot confotably type a long document into a PDA. A smart phone is a mobile phone with the functions of a PDA. And it is easier and quicker.

   

8. Figure 1.2 shows the flow of data through the input–output process. If the input was the intake of pupils into a school, describe what would represent the

‘PROCESS’, the ‘INSTRUCTIONS’ and the ‘FINAL OUTPUT’ (see Figure 1.8).

   Process: The class and activities.

   Instruction: The different steps.

   Final output: The knowledge and skills.

 

Task 2

1. Find out what type of motherboard you have installed on your computer. Locate the BIOS ROM chip on a motherboard. What make of BIOS ROM is it?
   (Sofware-feerware-hardware) The BIOS is part of the booting up process during which the configuration of the computer is checked and the operating system loaded, so that everything is ready for the user to start work.

2. Identify the main components on a motherboard. Draw a diagram to show the position of the processor chip, the BIOS chip, the battery, the power supply connector, the memory slots, the expansion slots, the ports and other important components. Look at how components are slotted into place.

                                   

3. Turn on your computer and watch the POST process. Note what happens if one part of your system is not working or has been disconnected (such as a LAN cable).   So it pass to conected with the other part of the computer that you choose, but its aconsejable to put the firts part the CD/DVD because you can put a CD to repare the prblem.

Task 4

1. Locate the processor on a motherboard. What cooling device is used?

     The motherboard is the most important component within a PC system. It is a PCB that houses many of the essential parts of the PC and all connections between the PC and peripheral go through it. (application: Ma-config.com)

It using a fan and the temperature is 21cº.

2. Research the Internet for data on heat sinks. What materials might these be made from?

    Aluminium-its most easy to build and its more cheaper than cooper.    

3. Research the Internet to find out what happens (and at what temperature) if the fan stops working on a PC, or the heat sink is removed or not connected properly to the processor chip.

    If the fan stop working the temperature will be over 50Cº or 60Cº and meaby 90Cº, so it will be break down.

Task 5

1 What types of internal memory are being used in your computer? How much is installed?

Internal memory is used for two main purposes: to store programs that are being run and to store the data that the program works on.
-RAM

-Hard drive(ROM)

-CMos

-RAM: c-MOS: This is a chip where the password is set, the date is set the date ... (it has a battery to keep that information.
-ROM: Bios: to boot the ordeandor, if everything correctly (check)
-CACHE MEMORY: much faster RAM and ROM memory.

2 Research the Internet to find out how much cache memory is used in a number of PCs with different specifications.

The amount of cache memory in a computer That Has this memory is much less than the amount of main memory and the cache is much more expensive Also.








Hardware

LINK : ICT_1

1.1. WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE?. 

Computer science is the techniques and knoledge necessary to automatically process information using a computer.

A computer works like a system that collects INPUT data, processes it (organises, saves and transforms) and transmit into OUTPUT information.

 ACTIVITY Nº1.

a) Make a summary in your blog about this concept.
Explain how it works using a drawing (input/process/output).

                         

INPUT: data, knowledge...

OUTPUT: information, reports and intructions to make decisions.

PROCESS: process of calculate.

FEEDBACK: people by my self it works properly.

 

1.2. BINARY CODE. What is a byte?

Computers use binary code. 
The "brain" of a computer (microprocessor) has millions of tiny switches that are activated and desactivated automatically. When a switch is open, the microprocessor interprets this as a "0" and when it´s closed as a "1". Each of these digits, either 0 or 1, is called a bit (digit binary) and a group of 8bits is called a Byte.

And example of a binary code is ASCII. It is used to represent all the characters used on computers. Each symbol or letter is encoded by a group of 8 bits. 

The value of the binary numbering systems depends on their position in the group (like in decimal numberin), in this case the value is determined by a base-2 system.

* To convert a binary number into a decimal number we foinf the successive powers of 2, starting with 2^0, followed by 2^1, etc.
Example: 1011=1*2^3+0*2^2+1*2^1+1*2^0= 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 11

* To convert a decimal number into a binary number we divide the decimal number by 2 successively until the quotient is 1. Then you put the remainders of the quotients in order from right to left.
Example: (25/2=12 remainder=1); (12/2=6 remainder=0); (6/2=3 remainder=0); (3/2=1 remainder=1); therefore: 25 = 11001 

ACTIVITY Nº2. 

a) Make a table with the multiples of a byte.

b) How many bytes are there in 5KB, 8MB, and 10GB. 

   1KB= 1024 bytes.
   5KB= 5120 bytes.

  1MB= 1048576 bytes.
  8MB= 8388608 bytes.

  1GB= 1073741824 bytes.
  10GB= 10737418240 bytes.

c) Look at the order ASCII code uses to represent the first six letters of the alphabet.

                                                   

A=01000001/65

B=01000010/66

C=01000011/67

D=01000100/68

E=01000101/69

F=01000110/70

d) Convert the decimal number 27 into binay number.

  

    (27/2=13,  remainder=1)

    (13/2 6,  remainder=1)

    (6/2=3,  remainder=0)

    (3/2=1,  remainder=1)

    27=1101
e) Convert the  binary number 11101 into a decimal number.

1*2^4+1*2^3+1*2^2+0*2^1+1*2^0= 29

f) Convert the decimal number 255 into binary number.

  (255/2=127,  remainder=1)
  (127/2=63,  remainder=1)
  (63/2=31,  remainder=1)
  (31/2=15,  remainder=1)           255=1111111.
  (15/2=7,  remainder=1)
  (7/2=3,  remainder=1)
  (3/2=1, remainder=1)

g) Convert these units:  2^10KB=1024KB=1MB.

 

1.3. COMPUTER COMPONETS: HARWARE.

Hardware are the physical componets of the computer, such as internal circuits, the wiring, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc.(LINK YOUTUBE: "Disecting PC")

• CPU.
• MEMORIES: RAM and ROM.
• STORY DEVICES: magnetic, optical solid state. 
• PERIPHERAL DEVICES: input, output or input/output. 

ACTIVITY Nº3.

a) Make a picture explaning the hardware of a computer.
b) Find out how a chip is made of.
c) Find out what kind of CPU is working nowdays. List two of them with theirs features.
d) Find out how many types of  RAM memory are?

e) Make a table where you can compare the capacities of the differents storage devices.

f) Find out the types of monitors are. Drescribe it.
g) Make a set of slides about a componet and upload it using www.slideshare.net . In this case you have to look for information into the file that you can link over here: ICT2_HARDWARE

ACTIVITY Nº4:

a) WORK_SHOP

b) CROSS_WORD

c) QUIZ

Codigo QR

A code QR (Quick Response Barcode) is a system to store information in a counterfoil of points or a two-dimensional bar code created by the Japanese companía Denso-Wave in 1994; they are characterized by three squares that they find in the corners and that allow to detect the position of the code to the reader.